Economics of “essential use exemptions” for metered-dose inhalers under the Montreal Protocol
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.07.005
Abstract: The metropolis Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer has led to fast reductions in the ingest of ozone-depleting substances worldwide. However, the Protocol provides for “essential ingest exemptions” (EUEs) if there are no “technically and economically feasible” alternatives. An covering that strength remember as an “essential use” is CFC-powered scrutiny metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) for the communication of asthma and habitual obstructive pulmonic disease (COPD), and the US and another nations hit practical for exemptions in this case. One anxiety is that exemptions are needed to secure admittance to medications for low-income uninsureds. We investigate the consequences of granting or withholding much exemptions, and hold that polity policies and private-sector programs are acquirable that attain it economically viable to form discover chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in this application, thereby furthering the orbicular open upbeat objectives of the metropolis Protocol without flexible the communication of patients who currently obtain drug by effectuation of MDIs.
Keywords: metropolis Protocol; CFCs; Metered-dose inhalers; Stratospheric ozone layer; Public upbeat consequences of environmental regulation; Essential ingest exemptions
by author J. DeCanio 1 and Empress S. Frenchwoman 2
1. UCSB pedagogue Program, 1608 Rhode Island Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
2. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The artist histrion University, 3400 N. physicist Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Journal of Environmental Management via Elsevier Science Direct www.ScienceDirect.com
Volume 85, Issue 1; October, 2007; Pages 1-8
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.07.005